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Wiltoncom

10 Oct 2025 - 02:03 am

A seabed of shipwrecks
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The Great Lakes have the most shipwrecks per square mile among all bodies of water in the world, largely due to the high shipping traffic in the 19th century and the lake’s volatile weather. Researchers know about the wrecks because reporting any commercial ship that sails on the lakes is required; from the early 19th century to the 20th century, about 40,000 ships sailed the Great Lakes, Baillod said.

There are about 6,000 commercial vessels on the seabed of the Great Lakes, lost to storms or other issues. In Lake Michigan alone, there are over 200 shipwrecks waiting to be discovered, according to Baillod, who has created a database of these ships over the past three decades.
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Wrecks in the Great Lakes have been found since the 1960s, but in recent years the rate of these finds has accelerated greatly, in part due to media attention, clearer waters and better technology, Baillod said. Some wreck hunters and media outlets call this the golden age for shipwreck discoveries.

“There’s a lot more shipwreck awareness now on the Great Lakes, and people are looking down in the water at what’s on the bottom,” he added. Part of the reason it’s easier to see in the water is thanks to quagga mussels — an invasive species that was introduced in the 1990s. The mollusks have filtered most of the lakes, turning them from their old greenish hue, which allowed for only a few feet of visibility, to clear blue. Now, the lakes have visibility of up to 50 to 100 feet (15 to 30.5 meters), Baillod explained.

“Tourism has popped up around paddle boarding and kayaking, and these shipwrecks are visible from the surface because the water is so clear,” he added.

Related article
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And then there are advancements in technology. “Side-scan sonar used to cost $100,000 back in 1980,” he said. “The one we used to find this (shipwreck) was just over $10,000. They’ve really come down in price.”

The National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, or NOAA, has a project in the works to map the bottom of the Great Lakes in high resolution by 2030. If the organization succeeds, all shipwrecks will be found, Baillod said.

In the meantime, Baillod said he hopes he and his team will continue to discover missing shipwrecks from his database in the coming years and bring along citizen scientists for the ride: “I keep looking, and I don’t doubt that we’ll keep finding.”

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08 Oct 2025 - 07:16 am

How Are Electoral Votes Calculated?
The United States electoral system can often seem intricate and shrouded in complexity, particularly for those not deeply versed in political science. A key component of this system is the Electoral College, which is paramount in determining the outcome of presidential elections. Understanding how electoral votes are calculated not only demystifies the election process, but also reinforces the importance of civic engagement in democratic systems.
In this article, I aim to elucidate the method by which electoral votes are assigned and distributed among the states, discuss the implications of this system, and answer some frequently asked questions.
The Structure of the Electoral College
The Electoral College consists of 538 electors, with a majority of 270 votes needed to win the presidency. Each state’s number of electors is equal to the total number of its Senators and Representatives in Congress. Consequently, all states are represented by at least three electors—two Senators and at least one Representative.
Table 1: Distribution of Electoral Votes by State



State
Number of Electors
State Population (est.)



Alabama
9
5,024,279


Alaska
3
733,391


Arizona
11
7,151,502


California
55
39,538,223


Florida
29
21,538,187


New York
28
20,201,249


Texas
40
29,145,505


Wyoming
3
576,851


Total
538



This electoral vote distribution is recalibrated every ten years following the census, as population shifts can lead to changes in congressional representation.
How Are Electoral Votes Calculated?
The process can be broken down into a few simple steps:

Census and Apportionment: Every ten years, the U.S. conducts a census that counts the population of each state. The data collected from the census not only informs federal funding but also the apportionment of congressional seats and, subsequently, electoral votes.

State Allocation: Based on the apportionment from the census, states are assigned electoral votes proportional to their respective populations. For instance, larger states like California and Texas have more electoral votes compared to smaller states like Wyoming and Vermont.

State Electoral Processes: Generally, states employ a winner-takes-all system, where the candidate who wins the majority of the popular vote within that state receives all of its electoral votes. This is the case in 48 states, with Maine and Nebraska being the exceptions, employing a proportional distribution of votes.

Certification: After the presidential election, each state verifies and certifies its results, affirming the electoral votes won by each candidate. These certified votes are then submitted to Congress.


The Role of Public Opinion
It is essential to recognize that while the electoral vote system is designed to represent the population, it also reflects the political landscape of each state. The winner-takes-all system can lead to controversial outcomes, where the popular vote winner may not secure the presidency due to the distribution of electoral votes.

“Elections are about choices, but they are also about rules. The rules that govern how votes are counted and how electoral votes are allocated can shape the choices we have.” – Anonymous

Implications of Electoral Votes
The Electoral College system has significant implications for campaign strategies and voter engagement. Candidates focus on swing states—those in which no single candidate has overwhelming support—rather than concentrating solely on areas with dense populations. This results in political resources being allocated unevenly, potentially leading to voter disenfranchisement in areas considered "safe" for one party or the other.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. How many electoral votes does my state have?
To determine your state’s electoral votes, refer to the current apportionment table—remember that this is influenced by the most recent census.
2. What happens if no candidate receives 270 electoral votes?
If no candidate wins the necessary 270 electoral votes, the election is decided by the House of Representatives, where each state delegation casts one vote for one of the top three candidates.
3. Why do some states have more electoral votes than others?
Electoral votes are based on the number of congressional seats assigned to each state, which in turn depend on the state's population as measured in the census.
4. Why do we use the Electoral College instead of a direct popular vote?
The Founding Fathers established the Electoral College as a compromise between electing the president by a vote in Congress and by popular vote. It was designed to balance the influence of populous states with less populous ones.
5. How does the winner-takes-all system affect elections?
This system can lead to a discrepancy between the popular vote and electoral results, as it concentrates campaign attention on battleground states rather than reflecting the nationwide popular support for a candidate.
Conclusion
Understanding how electoral votes are calculated and allocated is essential for grasping the broader context of the American electoral system. The interplay between population, political strategy, and state representation shapes the electoral landscape in complex ways. By exploring these mechanisms, I hope to encourage more informed and engaged citizens, fostering a deeper appreciation for the democratic process that shapes our nation.
Informed citizens are essential for a healthy democracy. I encourage everyone to partake in discussions about their electoral rights and responsibilities, as these discussions are vital for maintaining the integrity of our political institutions.

Michaellef

08 Oct 2025 - 06:04 am

Michelle Pfeiffer shares she’s now a grandmother
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Hollywood star Michelle Pfeiffer has announced that she has become a grandmother, and spoken about how it has affected her working life.

Speaking on the “Smartless” podcast on Monday, three-time Oscar nominee Pfeiffer told hosts Jason Bateman, Sean Hayes and Will Arnett that having a grandchild was “heaven.”

“I’ve been very quiet about it and it is – it’s heaven. It’s ridiculous,” said Pfeiffer, 67, who has an adopted daughter Claudia Rose and a son named John Henry.

“And if I had known that I was going to be a grandmother, I wouldn’t have taken on so much work, but I’ve enjoyed everything and I’m really grateful,” she said.
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“I love each of these projects,” said Pfeiffer, referencing her recent work on projects including “Yellowstone” spin-off series “The Madison” on Paramount+, Christmas comedy “Oh. What. Fun” and the TV adaptation of Rufi Thorpe’s novel “Margo’s Got Money Troubles.”

“I’m so grateful. I’m so grateful because I love acting… in fact, I probably, enjoy it more now than I ever have because I’m sort of more relaxed with it,” said Pfeiffer.

The Hollywood star has had a long and storied career both in movies and on TV, including appearances in “Scarface” (1983), “Batman Returns” (1992) and Showtime series “The First Lady” (2022).

“I don’t really have time to be thinking about anything but the task at hand,” she said, highlighting the fact that she also set up a fragrance company a few years ago.

Related article
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA - APRIL 14: Michelle Pfeiffer arrives at Showtime's FYC event and premiere for 'The First Lady' at DGA Theater Complex on April 14, 2022 in Los Angeles, California. (Photo by Emma McIntyre/WireImage)
Michelle Pfeiffer would consider playing Catwoman again

“But when I had all these acting jobs coming up, I thought, ‘Okay, okay, how are you going to manage this and have a life?’ Because that hasn’t always been easy for me. I’m an all or nothing kind of girl,” added Pfeiffer.

“I always like taking on challenges and then I get into it and it’s sort of sink or swim and for whatever reason I kind of feed on that,” she said, before going on to suggest that her priorities have shifted recently.

“I don’t have the time nor the desire to go that deep for that long and not be present,” said Pfeiffer.

Gregoryrag

08 Oct 2025 - 05:59 am

Michelle Pfeiffer shares she’s now a grandmother
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Hollywood star Michelle Pfeiffer has announced that she has become a grandmother, and spoken about how it has affected her working life.

Speaking on the “Smartless” podcast on Monday, three-time Oscar nominee Pfeiffer told hosts Jason Bateman, Sean Hayes and Will Arnett that having a grandchild was “heaven.”

“I’ve been very quiet about it and it is – it’s heaven. It’s ridiculous,” said Pfeiffer, 67, who has an adopted daughter Claudia Rose and a son named John Henry.

“And if I had known that I was going to be a grandmother, I wouldn’t have taken on so much work, but I’ve enjoyed everything and I’m really grateful,” she said.
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“I love each of these projects,” said Pfeiffer, referencing her recent work on projects including “Yellowstone” spin-off series “The Madison” on Paramount+, Christmas comedy “Oh. What. Fun” and the TV adaptation of Rufi Thorpe’s novel “Margo’s Got Money Troubles.”

“I’m so grateful. I’m so grateful because I love acting… in fact, I probably, enjoy it more now than I ever have because I’m sort of more relaxed with it,” said Pfeiffer.

The Hollywood star has had a long and storied career both in movies and on TV, including appearances in “Scarface” (1983), “Batman Returns” (1992) and Showtime series “The First Lady” (2022).

“I don’t really have time to be thinking about anything but the task at hand,” she said, highlighting the fact that she also set up a fragrance company a few years ago.

Related article
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA - APRIL 14: Michelle Pfeiffer arrives at Showtime's FYC event and premiere for 'The First Lady' at DGA Theater Complex on April 14, 2022 in Los Angeles, California. (Photo by Emma McIntyre/WireImage)
Michelle Pfeiffer would consider playing Catwoman again

“But when I had all these acting jobs coming up, I thought, ‘Okay, okay, how are you going to manage this and have a life?’ Because that hasn’t always been easy for me. I’m an all or nothing kind of girl,” added Pfeiffer.

“I always like taking on challenges and then I get into it and it’s sort of sink or swim and for whatever reason I kind of feed on that,” she said, before going on to suggest that her priorities have shifted recently.

“I don’t have the time nor the desire to go that deep for that long and not be present,” said Pfeiffer.

Mdatthuuewsnisp

08 Oct 2025 - 05:29 am

How Are Electoral Votes Calculated?
The United States electoral system can often seem intricate and shrouded in complexity, particularly for those not deeply versed in political science. A key component of this system is the Electoral College, which is paramount in determining the outcome of presidential elections. Understanding how electoral votes are calculated not only demystifies the election process, but also reinforces the importance of civic engagement in democratic systems.
In this article, I aim to elucidate the method by which electoral votes are assigned and distributed among the states, discuss the implications of this system, and answer some frequently asked questions.
The Structure of the Electoral College
The Electoral College consists of 538 electors, with a majority of 270 votes needed to win the presidency. Each state’s number of electors is equal to the total number of its Senators and Representatives in Congress. Consequently, all states are represented by at least three electors—two Senators and at least one Representative.
Table 1: Distribution of Electoral Votes by State



State
Number of Electors
State Population (est.)



Alabama
9
5,024,279


Alaska
3
733,391


Arizona
11
7,151,502


California
55
39,538,223


Florida
29
21,538,187


New York
28
20,201,249


Texas
40
29,145,505


Wyoming
3
576,851


Total
538



This electoral vote distribution is recalibrated every ten years following the census, as population shifts can lead to changes in congressional representation.
How Are Electoral Votes Calculated?
The process can be broken down into a few simple steps:

Census and Apportionment: Every ten years, the U.S. conducts a census that counts the population of each state. The data collected from the census not only informs federal funding but also the apportionment of congressional seats and, subsequently, electoral votes.

State Allocation: Based on the apportionment from the census, states are assigned electoral votes proportional to their respective populations. For instance, larger states like California and Texas have more electoral votes compared to smaller states like Wyoming and Vermont.

State Electoral Processes: Generally, states employ a winner-takes-all system, where the candidate who wins the majority of the popular vote within that state receives all of its electoral votes. This is the case in 48 states, with Maine and Nebraska being the exceptions, employing a proportional distribution of votes.

Certification: After the presidential election, each state verifies and certifies its results, affirming the electoral votes won by each candidate. These certified votes are then submitted to Congress.


The Role of Public Opinion
It is essential to recognize that while the electoral vote system is designed to represent the population, it also reflects the political landscape of each state. The winner-takes-all system can lead to controversial outcomes, where the popular vote winner may not secure the presidency due to the distribution of electoral votes.

“Elections are about choices, but they are also about rules. The rules that govern how votes are counted and how electoral votes are allocated can shape the choices we have.” – Anonymous

Implications of Electoral Votes
The Electoral College system has significant implications for campaign strategies and voter engagement. Candidates focus on swing states—those in which no single candidate has overwhelming support—rather than concentrating solely on areas with dense populations. This results in political resources being allocated unevenly, potentially leading to voter disenfranchisement in areas considered "safe" for one party or the other.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. How many electoral votes does my state have?
To determine your state’s electoral votes, refer to the current apportionment table—remember that this is influenced by the most recent census.
2. What happens if no candidate receives 270 electoral votes?
If no candidate wins the necessary 270 electoral votes, the election is decided by the House of Representatives, where each state delegation casts one vote for one of the top three candidates.
3. Why do some states have more electoral votes than others?
Electoral votes are based on the number of congressional seats assigned to each state, which in turn depend on the state's population as measured in the census.
4. Why do we use the Electoral College instead of a direct popular vote?
The Founding Fathers established the Electoral College as a compromise between electing the president by a vote in Congress and by popular vote. It was designed to balance the influence of populous states with less populous ones.
5. How does the winner-takes-all system affect elections?
This system can lead to a discrepancy between the popular vote and electoral results, as it concentrates campaign attention on battleground states rather than reflecting the nationwide popular support for a candidate.
Conclusion
Understanding how electoral votes are calculated and allocated is essential for grasping the broader context of the American electoral system. The interplay between population, political strategy, and state representation shapes the electoral landscape in complex ways. By exploring these mechanisms, I hope to encourage more informed and engaged citizens, fostering a deeper appreciation for the democratic process that shapes our nation.
Informed citizens are essential for a healthy democracy. I encourage everyone to partake in discussions about their electoral rights and responsibilities, as these discussions are vital for maintaining the integrity of our political institutions.

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07 Oct 2025 - 03:23 pm

The trial of Bryan Kohberger – the man who brutally murdered four University of Idaho students inside their off-campus home – ended in July before it ever truly began when he accepted a plea deal that saw him sentenced to four consecutive life terms in prison without the possibility of an appeal or parole.

Kohberger sat impassively throughout the hearing as the loved ones of each of the four students whose lives he so callously ended repeatedly asked him the same question: Why?
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And when he was finally given the opportunity to answer their questions, he said, “I respectfully decline.”

That decision further fueled the mystery around his motive for murdering Xana Kernodle, Madison Mogen, Ethan Chapin and Kaylee Goncalves.

“There’s no reason for these crimes that could approach anything resembling rationality,” Idaho District Judge Steven Hippler said during Kohberger’s sentencing. “The more we try to extract a reason, the more power and control we give to him.”

But, he added, investigators and researchers may wish to study his actions – if only to learn how to prevent similar crimes from occurring in the future.
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Indeed, academics and former FBI profilers told CNN the challenge of unravelling the criminal mind of a man like Bryan Kohberger is enticing. And while his trial may be over, in many ways, the story of what can be learned from his crimes may have only just begun.

“We want to squeeze any silver lining that we can out of these tragedies,” said Molly Amman, a retired profiler who spent years leading the FBI’s Behavioral Threat Assessment Center.

“The silver lining is anything we can use to prevent another crime. It starts with learning absolutely, positively everything about the person and the crime that we possibly can.”

CNN
Only Kohberger knows
Even seasoned police officers who arrived at 1122 King Road on November 13, 2022, struggled to process the brutality of the crime scene.

All four victims had been ruthlessly stabbed to death before the attacker vanished through the kitchen’s sliding glass door and into the night.

“The female lying on the left half of the bed … was unrecognizable,” one officer would later write of the attack that killed Kaylee Goncalves. “I was unable to comprehend exactly what I was looking at while trying to discern the nature of the injuries.”

Initial interviews with the two surviving housemates gave investigators a loose timeline and a general description of the killer – an athletic, White male who wore a mask that covered most of his face – but little else.

Police later found a Ka-Bar knife sheath next to Madison’s body that would prove to be critical in capturing her killer.

One of the surviving housemates told police about a month before the attacks, Kaylee saw “a dark figure staring at her from the tree line when she took her dog Murphy out to pee.”

“There has been lighthearted talk and jokes made about a stalker in the past,” the officer noted. “All the girls were slightly nervous about it being a fact, though.”

But after years of investigating the murders, detectives told CNN they were never able to establish a connection between Kohberger and any of the victims, or a motive.

Kohberger is far from the first killer to deny families and survivors the catharsis that comes with confessing, in detail, to his crimes. But that, former FBI profilers tell CNN, is part of what makes the prospect of studying him infuriating and intriguing.